Everything about The Soviet-japanese Border Wars totally explained
The
Soviet-Japanese Border Wars were a series of border conflicts between the
Soviet Union and
Japan between
1938 to
1945. Political ramifications resulting from these conflicts are still relevant to today.
After the occupation of
Manchukuo and Korea, Japan turned its military interests to Soviet territories. Conflicts between the Japanese and the Soviets frequently happened on the border of
Manchuria.
Battle of Lake Khasan
The Battle of Lake Khasan (July 29, 1938 – August 11, 1938) and also known as the Changkufeng Incident (Chinese & Japanese: 張鼓峰事件, Chinese pinyin: Zhānggǔfēng Shìjiàn, Japanese pronunciation: Chōkohō Jiken) in China and Japan, was an attempted military incursion of Manchukuo (Japanese) into the territory claimed by the Soviet Union. This incursion was founded in the beliefs of the Japanese side that the Soviet Union misinterpreted the demarcation of the boundary based on the Treaty of Peking between Imperial Russia and Manchu China (and subsequent supplementary agreements on demarcation), and furthermore, that the demarcation markers were tampered with.
Battle of Khalkhin Gol
The Battle of Khalkhin Gol, sometimes spelled Halhin Gol or Khalkin Gol after the Halha River passing through the battlefield and known in Japan as the
Nomonhan Incident (after a nearby village on the border between Mongolia and Manchuria), was the decisive engagement of the undeclared Soviet-Japanese Border War (1939), or Japanese-Soviet War. It shouldn't be confused with the conflict in 1945 when the USSR declared war in support of the other Allies of World War II and launched Operation August Storm.
The Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact
As a result of the Japanese defeat at Khalkhin Gol, Japan and the Soviet Union signed on
April 13, 1941 a Neutrality Pact, similar to the
German-Soviet non-aggression pact
Later in 1941, Japan would consider breaking the pact when the German
Third Reich invaded the Soviet Union (
Operation Barbarossa) at the start of the Great Patriotic War, but they made the crucial decision to keep it and to continue to press into south east Asia. This was said largely due to the Battle of Khalkhin Gol that caused Japan not to join forces with the Germany against the Soviet Union, even though Japan and Germany were part of the
Tripartite Pact. On
April 5, 1945 the Soviet Union unilaterally denounced the pact three months before they launched
Operation August Storm an attack on Japanese forces in Manchuria.
Operation August Storm
Operation August Storm, or the
Battle of Manchuria began on
August 8,
1945, with the
Soviet invasion of the Japanese
puppet state of
Manchukuo; the greater invasion would eventually include neighboring
Mengjiang, as well as northern
Korea, southern
Sakhalin, and the
Kuril Islands. It marked the initial and only military action of the Soviet Union against the
Empire of Japan; at the
Yalta Conference, it had agreed to Allied pleas to terminate the
neutrality pact with Japan and enter the
Second World War's
Pacific Theater within three months after the
end of the war in Europe.
The invasion began on
August 8,
1945, precisely three months after the
German surrender on
May 8. Notably, it began between the
droppings of the atomic bombs on
Hiroshima (
August 6) and
Nagasaki (
August 9).
Politically speaking, the conflict remains unresolved since
Japan and Russia failed to sign a peace treaty at the end of WWII, and tensions remain high principally regarding the
Kuril Islands Dispute. Soviet advances into North Korea resulted in a divided Korea, which soon led to the
Korean War.
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